The word "percent" using a symbol in general copy: Alumni participation in the Annual Fund went up 10 percent this year. For other applications, follow these guidelines: Abbreviate state names when used with town or city in photo captions, lists, tables, and short-form listings of political party affiliation. Montana Mont.
Alaska Alaska Nebraska Neb. Arizona Ariz. Nevada Nev. Arkansas Ark. New Hampshire N. California Calif. New Jersey N. Colorado Colo. New Mexico N. Connecticut Conn. New York N. Delaware Del.
North Carolina N. Florida Fla. North Dakota N. Georgia Ga. Idaho Idaho Oregon Ore. Illinois Ill. Pennsylvania Pa. Indiana Ind. Rhode Island R.
Iowa Iowa South Carolina S. Kansas Kan. South Dakota S. Kentucky Ky. Tennessee Tenn. Louisiana La. Vermont Vt. Massachusetts Mass. Virginia Va. Michigan Mich. Washington Wash. Minnesota Minn. West Virginia W. Mississippi Miss. Wisconsin Wis. Missouri Mo. Wyoming Wyo. Only those with an MD are referred to as Dr. Hawktober Weekend, Commencement, Orientation etc. Capitalize city if part of a proper name, an integral part of an official name, or a regularly used nickname: Kansas City, New York City, Windy City, City of Light, Fun City, Greater Hartford but greater Hartford region Lowercase elsewhere: a Texas city; the city government; the city Board of Education; and all city of phrases: the city of Hartford.
Lowercase when not part of the formal title: city Health Commissioner Frank Smith. Capitalize any subsequent elements unless they are articles, prepositions of four letters or fewer, or coordinating conjunctions such as and, or, but, for, or nor, or such modifiers as flat or sharp following musical key symbols. If the first element is merely a prefix or combining form that could not stand by itself as a word anti, pre, etc. Capitalize the second element in a hyphenated spelled-out number twenty-one or twenty-first, etc.
Names of fields of study, programs, major areas or major subjects, unless they are proper nouns. She is majoring in Spanish and economics.
Each student must satisfy requirements in the humanities, social sciences and physical sciences. Classes of students at the University: First-year students are required to take a writing course. My sister is a junior majoring in finance. Unofficial or descriptive titles preceding a name: poet Michael Waters, faculty member Tom Bradley Titles of officers of a class, social organization, etc. He is treasurer of the Student Government Association.
The abbreviations a. Seasons of the year or semester designations: We had a very chilly spring this year. He plans to change his major in the spring semester. Honorary terms: cum laude, summa cum laude, magna cum laude.
For PhD, use doctorate noun or doctoral degree adjective. Introduces a list in a sentence or a quote, separates major parts of a sentence. Follow a statement that introduces a direct quotation of one or more sentences with a colon: This is what the message said: "Call your mother when you get in.
Bring your ideas and an open mind with you. We were instructed as follows: bring your ideas and an open mind with you. She went to pick up a few things, including coffee, cream, milk and muffins. Do not use a colon after a preposition to set off the copy that follows, whether horizontally or vertically laid out: E-mail any questions to Pamela Frazier, director of budget and financial analysis, frazier hartford.
Separates words independent phrases or clauses in a sentence. The serial comma is used in a series of elements. Use a comma in a series and before the final "and" or "or. Hmm, shall I have the grilled swordfish, barbecued spareribs, or Irish stew? After work, he picked up his shirts at the cleaners, went to the ATM, and met his wife. Place a comma after digits signifying thousands 3, students , except when referring to temperature or year degrees, in the year Transition terms, such as "however," "namely," "i.
We have a lengthy assignment, namely, chapters one, two and three. Second, reverse them. If, in both instances, the resulting phrase still sounds appropriate, you likely have coordinate adjectives and should use a comma between them.
Students attended a lengthy, informative planning session. The lecture will present multiple cost-effective strategies. A confident, knowledgeable panelist gave a quick rebuttal. Do not use a comma in names ending in "Jr. John F. Zeller III When writing a date or a location with city and state, place a comma after any element preceded by one: On July 4, , the nation celebrated its th birthday.
Located in West Hartford, Conn. Take a quick test. Ready for the Test? Here is a confirmatory test for this lesson. This test can also be: Edited i. Printed to create a handout. Sent electronically to friends or students. Did you spot a typo? Grammarly's app will help with: 1 Avoiding spelling errors 2 Correcting grammar errors 3 Finding better words This free browser extension works with webmail, social media, and texting apps as well as online forms and Microsoft Office documents, like Word and Teams.
Download the app. Correct Thomas C. Incorrect Thomas C. Except to show multiple degrees earned at Western Michigan University, do not list more than one degree following a person's name. The following examples are a first reference to a speaker who earned her degrees at another university. Incorrect : Rebecca McKenzie, B. Acceptable : Rebecca McKenzie, Ph. Rebecca McKenzie will Do not mix degrees earned at WMU with degrees earned at other institutions. If Mary Smith earned a B. Skip to main content.
Academic Degrees. Never use both a courtesy title and degree Preferred : Dr.
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